To meet this demand, submarine networks are adopting space division multiplexing (SDM) technology, where the number of independent spatial channels is increased to maximize total system capacity, reduce power consumption and optimize cost per bit. Multicore fiber is now expected to further increase the number of parallel optical fiber cores without increasing the submarine cable size and structure, enabling the second generation of submarine SDM systems.
Multicore Fiber Submarine Cable Features
Conventional single mode fiber has a single core within an individual fiber. In contrast, each multicore fiber contains multiple cores (4 cores in this case). This represents a four-fold enlargement in the number of spatial channels for the same amount of optical fibers and with the same fiber structure: each fiber being 250µm diameter (0.25mm) after coating. The uncoupled 4-core fiber is being deployed within the OCC SC500 series LW (Lightweight) cable, which has a 17mm outer diameter and withstands 8,000-meter water depth. This cable can accommodate up to 32 fibers. With multicore fiber, the number of cores can be increased without increasing the cable diameter, with corresponding benefits in the cost per bit of the cable system.
Image of OCC SC500 LW cable
Transmission Performance Demonstration
NEC and OCC have demonstrated that the cable’s optical transmission performance in the water fully meets the exacting requirements of modern long-haul submarine cables. They further showed that the process of cabling Sumitomo Electric’s multicore fiber has no effect on its optical characteristics, achieving excellent attenuation properties. This research was supported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan, under the initiative “Research and Development of Innovative Optical Network Technology for a Novel Social Infrastructure” (JPMI00316).
- (*1) Uncoupled multicore fiber Multicore fiber cables can be broadly divided into uncoupled and coupled multicore fibers. In coupled multicore fibers, the optical signals propagating in the respective cores tend to interfere with each other, requiring special signal processing at the optical receiver. In contrast, uncoupled multicore fibers minimize the interference between the cores, allowing conventional (lower complexity) transmitters/receivers to be used.
- (*2) Source: NEC Corporation, OCC Corporation and Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. research
- (*3) Source: Telegeography
